THE DARK MATTER AND THE GOD PARTICLE

INTRODUCTION:-     

      This ENIGMATIC universe has many secrets in it and the new realizations are adding more to it's legacy. Another such realization is THE DARK MATTER. It was discovered by Swiss American astronomer Fritz Zwicky in early 1930s. 

       The facts that dark matter cannot be seen with naked eyes and that 95 % of the UNIVERSE cannot be seen, add more to the mysteries. Fritz's firstly observed dark matter in the COMA CLUSTER of galaxies and named it as missing mass. Now in the COMA CLUSTER the galaxies are actually rotating around a fixed point but it was found that the all the galaxies were rotating with the same velocity,  irrespective of their positions from that point. But according to the laws proposed by newton, the galaxies which were very far away from the fixed point, should have escaped the gravitational force of the fixed point but it didn't, as the velocity was visibly high so it was assumed that the mass must be low, since only 1% of the total mass of all the stars was required to keep galaxies together, but the visible mass was way more than the required mass.

                According to Newton's laws of motion, the galaxies should leave the Coma Cluster but they didn't and hence a question mark was put on the laws proposed by Newton. Fritz could not challenge the laws of Newton since it was a great deal and ultimately the dark matter theory was disapproved. Later on in 1970s two astronomers namely Vera Rubin and W. Kent Ford confirmed the existence of dark matter by observing a similar phenomenon in the nearby galaxy. The dark matter is so dark that they cannot be detected in any range on the electromagnetic spectrum.

SIR. FRITZ ZWICKY

MADAM. VERA RUBIN

SIR. W. KENT FORD

SIGNIFICANCE OF DARK MATTER:-

                                                              Dark matter is important as its amount in the Universe will determine whether the universe is open (continues to expand), closed (expand till a point and then collapses) or flat ( expands and stops till an equilibrium is reached).

                                                                                    

THE GOD PARTICLE:-                   

                                    HIGGS BOSON, discovered by sir Peter Higgs on 2nd july, 2012 had put an end on discussions but another discussion rose and that was 'WHETHER BOSON DECOMPOSES TO DARK MATTER?'. The God Particle was actually going to be named as GODDAMN particle but then the publisher did not agree and he named it as God particle. 

                                                                                              HIGGS BOSON also gave birth to HIGGS FIELD. This field is actually responsible for mass, every particle which has mass has to go through this field, since without this field mass cannot exist. The particles which interact with this field have higher mass whereas, those who do not interact with this field at all have either no mass or have very little mass.

                                                                      This HIGGS BOSON do not interact with any electrical or magnetic field and its detection was not an easy task but for easy tasks noble prize is not awarded, yes SIR PETER HIGGS got noble prize in physics in 2013 for discovering this particle. Millions of boson particles might be going through matter every second. But due to their exclusively inert nature no one can detect it easily.

SIR. PETER HIGGS

THE PRESENCE OF DARK MATTER IS STILL A TOPIC OF DEBATE BECUASE OF LACK OF EVIDENCE AND IF WE WILL BE UNABLE TO PROVE IT THEN THE WORLD FAMOUS NEWTON'S LAWS OF MOTION WILL HAVE TO BE AMENDED.

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