THEORY OF RELATIVITY

ALBERT EINSTEIN, WHO IS ONE OF THE BIGGEST NAMES IN PHYSICS HAS DONE REMARKABLE CONTRIBUTION IN THE FIELD OF PHYSICS. IN THIS POST WE WILL COME TO KNOW ABOUT HIS MOST FAMOUS THEORY WHICH WAS THE THEORY OF RELATIVITY (BOTH SPECIAL AND GENERAL).

                                                                              These theories were given in 1905 and 1916 by SIR ALBERT EINSTEIN and we will follow the chronology of them too. Now this work was firstly understood by SIR MAX PLANK and he was the one who recognized the importance of these papers. Now these theories were like a revolution in physics which " predicted the existence of black holes, gave us the mass energy equivalence equation, united space and time into spacetime and many more".

THE FOLLOWING IMAGE IS OF THE PAPER OF GENERAL RELATIVITY

SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY

This theory of relativity was given in 1905 by whom, I need not to mention. Now this theory has 2 postulates:-

1. FOR ALL THE OBSERVERS, IN SAME INERTIAL FRAME OF REFERENCE, THE LAWS OF PHYSICS ARE SAME AND ARE ALSO RELATED TO ONE ANOTHER.                            
2. THE SPEED OF LIGHT IS CONSTANT FOR ALL OBSERVERS, IRRESPECTIVE OF THEIR FRAME OF REFERENCE.

Now the first point says that the result for all the observers in same frame of reference will be the same that means, if there are 2 observers standing on a platform then the speed of train for both of them will be the same. This was that speed which was based upon the frame of reference but their is one speed which is constant and that is the speed of light.   

   

The second point says that the speed of light is constant and no body or force in this whole universe can propagate faster than the speed of light.

 AND THESE POSTULATES LED TO THE FORMATION OF E=mc^2, which later on became the basis of formation of atomic bomb and this made SIR ALBERT EINSTEIN very UPSET. 

SALIENT FEATURES OF THIS THEORY ARE AS FOLLOWS:-

1. TIME DILATION:-                                                                                                                                               This means that for any moving object time will move slowly than the stationary ones. This also says that if anything moves faster than the speed of light then nature will try to conserve its fundamental thing that is nothing can move faster than the speed of light, hence, the time for that object will move slowly than the others in order to maintain the equivalence.                                                                                                                                              
2. LENGTH CONTRACTION:-                                                                                                                                      Second thing that this theory says that is the length of moving objects appear to be shorter than their actual length.                                                                                                                                                                                               
3. MAXIMUM SPEED IS FINITE:-                                                                                                                         This thing says that the maximum speed that one object can achieve is the speed of light and no object can move faster than that.                                                                                                                   
4. MASS ENERGY EQUIVALENCE EQUATION:-                                                                                                                                             The equation which I had mentioned above says that mass and energy are inter-convertible i.e. energy can be converted into mass and vice versa.     

      GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY 

  The general theory was officially printed in 1916 but it was completed in 1915. Now this theory is purely based on gravitation and does some minor corrections in the theory proposed by SIR ISSAC NEWTON. Now this theory has no significant postulates but this says about some of the most mysterious phenomenon in the world which is the black hole.

This theory has following salient features:-

1. GRAVITATIONAL TIME DILATION:-                                                                                                                                    This states that the clocks tick slowly in gravitational wells than normal.                                                                                                                                               
2. PRECESSION:-                                                                                                                                                This states that orbits precess in a different way than predicted by SIR ISSAC NEWTON and this was reported in the orbits of Mercury and binary pulsars.                                                                             
3. LIGHT DEFLECTION:-                                                                                                                                            This states that light deflects under gravitational force or I should say that light rays bend towards the Earth under the influence of  GRAVITATIONAL FORCE of EARTH.         
4. FRAME DRAGGING:-                                                                                                                                            This feature states that rotating objects drag along the spacetime around them.                                                       
5. EXPANSION OF SPACE:-                                                                                                                                             This feature states that the UNIVERSE is constantly expanding and the outermost objects are moving away faster than the speed of light.                                                                                                                            
6. PREDICTION OF BLACK HOLE:-                                                                                                                                      This states that a finely compact mass can deform spacetime and it ultimately predicts the existence of black holes which has now been proved and verified. 

THE MOST INTERESTING FACT ABOUT THESE THEORIES IS THAT ALTHOUGH THESE WERE REVOLUTIONARY THEORIES IN THE FIELD OF PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY STILL SIR ALBERT EINSTEIN DIDN'T WIN THE NOBLE PRIZE FOR IT AND HE BAGGED NOBLE PRIZE LATER ON IN HIS LIFE FOR THE LAW OF PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT.

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